Mapping the Vietnam War and
the Fall of Saigon
April 30, 2015 marks the 40th
anniversary of the end of American involvement in the Vietnam War. The war in which 58,000 Americans died ended
with the communist forces of North Vietnam overtaking Saigon (now Ho Chi Minh City) and the
collapse of the Republic of South Vietnam.
The Ball State University
Libraries’ GIS Research and Map Collection (GRMC) on the second floor of
Bracken Library houses current and historic maps of Vietnam, including maps
depicting North and South Vietnam. Original
U.S. Army maps published during the war are also available for research and
learning—Long Binh was a U.S. Army supply facility constructed near the city of
Bien Hoa, about 20 miles north of Saigon.
The map above (second from top, click to enlarge) was published in 1967 and shows the
location of ammunition supplies, antennas, a heliport, hospital, and recreation
areas.
The Atlas Collection in
Bracken Library also includes current travel, road, and topographic atlases of
Vietnam and atlases describing the Vietnam War.
South Vietnam Provincial
Administrative Maps was published by the Central Intelligence Agency in
1967.
Historical
Atlas of the Vietnam War
by Harry Summers was published in 1995 and is a comprehensive cartographic
guide detailing the war. The atlas
includes photographs, charts, and maps describing the landmark events leading
up to and during the war.
The second map above is
from Historical Atlas of the Vietnam
War. The red lines represent troop
movements of the North Vietnamese infantry.
The blue boxes are the locations of the U.S. and allied forces around
Saigon, including the Long Binh base.
The inset map, Evacuation of
Saigon, shows where the North Vietnamese fired rockets into downtown Saigon
on April 27, 1975, near the U.S. Embassy.
The events of the last days
of the American presence in Saigon are described in the atlas: The U.S. Embassy workers were tasked with
calming the evacuees and organizing them for evacuation:
At 3:58 A.M. on April 29, 1975, North
Vietnamese rockets struck the U.S. defense attaché’ office compound at Tan Son
Nhut, effectively closing the air base and ending the fixed-wing aerial
evacuation of U.S. civilian workers, third-country contract employees and their
dependents, and selected South Vietnamese civilians and their families underway
since April 1.
On the afternoon of April 29, they began
to move everyone out. By 4:15 A.M. on
April 30, 2,619 evacuees had been helifted from the Embassy. But in a final betrayal, made all the more
tragic by the fact that it was inadvertent, the lift was cancelled, and the
final 420 evacuees were abandoned: Believing
that there was a bottomless pit (of evacuees), the White House had ordered a
halt. It was the Vietnam War in
microcosm—good intentions but fatally flawed execution.
…The war was at an end. But not all South Vietnamese forces heeded
the call for unconditional surrender.
Many Air Force officers flew to bases in Thailand or to U.S. aircraft
carriers, and 34 Navy warships sailed to the Philippines.
The GRMC created posters
featuring photographs and maps detailing World War I, World War II, the Korean
War, and the Vietnam War for use in classroom and other educational
exhibits. The posters are available from
the University Libraries’ Cardinal Scholar repository. The Vietnam War poster (top, above) includes
photographs and maps from atlases in the collection against a backdrop of the
Vietnam War Memorial.
Maps from the GRMC may be
circulated for two weeks or longer.
Atlases from the atlas collection may be circulated for 28 days or
longer. For more information, please
contact the GRMC at 765-285-1097.